Healthcare Difference Between Us and India Essay - 1498 Words

HEALTHCARE IN THE UNITED STATES AND INDIAAXIA COLLEGENICOLE CAMPONOVEMEBER 21, 2010 | Health Care in the United States is described as the â€Å"cottage industry† it has been fragmented at the national, state, community and practice levels. There is not one single entity or set of policies guiding the health care system; Furthermore, this fragile primary care system is on the verge of collapse according to the Commonwealth Fund Commission. (A. Shih, 2008) The fragmentation of our delivery system is a fundamental contributor to the poor overall performance of the U.S. health care system. In our fragmented system: * patients and families navigate unassisted across different providers and care settings, fostering frustrating and dangerous†¦show more content†¦to participate in health information exchange across providers and care settings within five years These do not necessarily mean it will fix the health care system as we know it, but could generate, a better understand on what is expected of the United States as a whole, when the Medicare and Medicaid system is done away with, those born in the late 60’s to 2000’s will probably not benefit from the Medicare or Social Security system, when they reach the age of 65, Why you might ask, because the way the economy is going these systems will be obsolete in the future, while the Government is trying to build a better entity, they will probably in fact, not accomplish this, it is my understanding that they will be doing away with the Medicaid program by the year 2012, this will be a great burden to those who are currently on this, If the Government could make it easier for those who can’t afford insurance to acquire commercial insurance at a lesser cost, then the majority would be get these types of insurances, (ex Cigna, Humana, Aetna, BCBS, United Healthcare) I wo rk in the medical field, I see daily the abuse some of these patients are taking from the Government in regards to their medical care, one month they have the insurance, the next they are on what is called â€Å"Share of Cost†,(SOC) this is just like an HMO or PPO, you have a deductable to reach every month, the only problems is, these patients do not have any money to pay, so they have to go to the local Hospital, toShow MoreRelatedBella health care case Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Bella Heath Care India 1. 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Alcoholism - 823 Words

Imagine you are at a family wedding reception where there is alcohol being served. As the night progresses you notice your Uncle Bob frequenting the bar in the corner of the room for nearly one drink after another. He is reaching his limit for liquor he can handle, and you notice him acting increasingly disoriented, obnoxious, and tipsy. The rest of your family watches him as he virtually makes a fool out of himself and comments about him fill the room. He has always been drinking way too much since his days in the frat house at the university, states one relative. He is just like his father,  comments another. Such a story sparks a debate as to the foundation of alcoholism. Merriam-Webster s Dictionary defines alcoholism as continued†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the affect of low social status is to increase the risk of alcohol abuse for all people.  (Steen 210) There are undoubtedly numerous factors that may influence a person to become an alcoholic, and it mus t be kept in mind that under the right circumstances everyone is prone to addiction. Although environmental factors are a key issue for alcoholism, genetics are also a factor of the disease. Researchers often agree that the link between certain chromosomes and alcoholism are present in the brain. Researchers describe the areas on the chromosomes as hot spots  because they probably contain hundreds of different genes that contribute to an increased risk for alcoholism.  (Marcotty 25) In addition to such hot spots,  R. Grant Steen, author of DNA and Destiny: Nature and Nurture in Human Behavior, states that there is a strong correlation between the A1 allele (a dopamine receptor) and alcoholism in human beings. The allele was more commonly found in the brain tissue of alcoholics than in non-alcoholics. Having discovered that presence of the allele, scientists drew the conclusion that the A1 allele was one of the best indicators that certain genetic aspects can influence the tendency to become alcoholic. In some form or genetics play a certain role in the disea se. IfShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Alcoholism2482 Words   |  10 Pageslead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. 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An Evaluation Report On Prince Edward Island

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Report On Prince Edward Island. Answer: Introduction The PEI or Prince Edward Island information system is a province wide computer system introduced in Canada, which enables healthcare providers and pharmacists to access the centralized medication profile (Bassi Lau, 2013). These information systems enable their authorized users to share, manage, safeguard and access patients medicinal history. According to Jeff Jardine who is a pharmacist at Prince Edward Island Drug Information System has helped and contributed a lot to improve patients safety and health. He explains It helps us in catching up with past records of our patients even when they had went to some other pharmacist. This helps me to prevent any drug interaction or allergy that I may not be aware of. It helps me to see the complete picture at one go. He explains how people find it difficult to remember the dosage they have to take. Having a drug information system enables us to prepare a prescription according to their condition. (Borycki, Kushniruk, Carvalho,2013) Evaluation The implementation of this program in provincial pharmacies and community started in the year 2008 and the implementation with physicians and healthcare centers are still going on (Aung, Whittaker,2013). In this evaluation the project life cycle is considered for early benefits, oppurtunities for improvement and improvements that have occurred since 2009. A framework was created for the evaluation based on these questions:- Implementations Questions- Was the Drug Information System implemented as planned? Was the change management effective? Outcome questions- If the Drug Information system is achieving the objectives and whether it is giving stakeholder benefits? If the Drug information systems achieving stated objectives for the patients Questions that are asked for the implantation process are answered fully through a description based on mandates and documents from the year 2015 benefit evaluation, whereas the questions that were asked for the outcome related part were answered based on the end user survey and administrative data review. (Lau, Kuziemsky, Price, Gardner,2010) Methods The data that was used in this evaluation was collected in two ways, the administrative data was collected from the Drug information system warehouse. Other than that a survey of physicians, health care providers and pharmacists was also used from the Drug information system. Administrative Data Review The data that was used from the Drug Information system warehouse was used to study the outcomes of limited number of physicians, patients, the overall system and pharmacists. The Drug Information System is still being rolled out to the physicians in different contexts therefore the outcomes of the target group would vary. However for now the focus is on system outcomes, pharmacists and patients. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data that was relevant. Pharmacist, Health Care Provider Study and Physician All the people who were using Drug Information System irrespective whether they were health care providers, patients and pharmacists were interviewed about their experience with the system. The survey was developed by Canada Health Infoway and covered dimensions such as information, service quality, improvements, system functions and system that were changed since its introduction. Infoways aim is to ensure that all Canadians profiles are stored in the jurisdiction drug information repository. This information has to be made available for the authorized clinicians. Till 2014 about 60% of the Canadians information was stored in this system that is triple than the numbers that were achieved in 2006 (Kushniruk, Kaipio, Nieminen, Hyppnen, Lveri, Nohr, Kanstrup, Berg Christiansen, Kuo, Borycki, 2014 )An email invite was sent to the Prince Edward Island pharmacists and those were counted in the survey who actively responded to the email. Number of dimensions were used in the survey and so me of these were- Profession (whether respondents is a physician, pharmacist, or health care professional), Work Location (which county did the respondent belong to), Length of use (how long have they been using the system), and computer proficiency (how proficient were they in using computers). (Smylie, Firestone, 2015), (Borycki, Kushniruk, 2010) Limitations As the period that the system has been online is quite long before this evaluation the limitations were alleviated due to the lengthy period (Gooch Roudsari ,2011)There were many improvements from the previous evaluation as now no paper based surveys were used but emails were used to submit the surveys. Findings Implementation and change management process:- The Prince Edward Island information system met the targets that were set by Canada Health Infoway or CHI. This system has been exceptionally useful. But the physician uptakes have not geared up in speed, even now therefore it is realized that the full benefits of this system has still not met. There has been valid evidence that end user satisfaction is suffering due to the lack of physicians as visible improvements are needed in recruiting physicians for this system. In our investigation we found out that there has been steady drop in on-going support and training of physicians that are added for the system training. (Zinszer, Tamblyn, W Bates, Buckeridge,2013) Drug information system outcome:- Data was made available from the drug information system warehouse that was about the service quality indicators and patient outcomes. Data was reviewed in areas about multiple prescribers, drug utilization reviews, patient compliance, patients profiles views according to location, time required for to resolve tickets by DeltaWare system and seniors medication use. We observed the first two years period for the first stage users for the time the drug information system was made available online. Baseline numbers are used to track and control issues related to poly pharmacy behavior, senior medication use, ticket resolution time, poly-doctor behavior, patients profile views, DUR messaging and patient compliance based on achievements in pharmacist and patients outcomes. Majority of these baseline numbers are also used to track the physician intake and its effects. (Lau, Price, Boyd, Partridge, Bell, Raworth,2013) Project Plan The aim of the Drug Information system was to link the sites across province and settings in a database of electronic records of the patients. This centralized medical database was accessible from the Drug Information system that provided information about drug allergies and prescribed medications. Through this Drug Information System the healthcare workers can record, manage and view any information about the drug online. They can also interact with the decision supporting tools and can prescribe medications online. Proposed Benefits Number of benefits was proposed to the key stakeholders. Patients:- Patient satisfaction level will be increased by the use of this system Treatments will be enhanced to a better level through this Drug Information System As medical professionals will have a shared view, counseling of the patients will be better. This shared view will ensure better communication between health care providers and health facilities providers This will reduce the hospital stay and physician visits. Pharmacies/pharmacists The efficiency for the care of the patients is greatly increased through cognitive services and professional counseling Patients that are under multiple providers are benefited by improved drug therapy management Reduced risk of dispensing and medication errors Physicians As the physicians are able to access complete information about the patient, the effectiveness of the care automatically improves This system ensures that physicians get an ability to intervene in any inappropriate drug use Physicians also get access to discharge medication through the health facility data Administrative Data Review Administrative data from the Data Information System provides insights into groups such as pharmacists and patients. This system till now is being used by very few physicians therefore data related to their use is limited. Patient Outcomes It is crucial that the patients fill the prescriptions properly as only that information can ensure that they get proper medications from the physicians. As the Drug Information System had been online for more than two years the data available is greater than any sample taken for a month. Multiple Prescribers It is key concern in the health care sector that there are multiple prescribers that have to be dealt with. Through this system it is possible to poly doctor. Seniors medication use One of the functions that this system served is to effectively track seniors (65 years)( Lafortune, Huson, Santi, Stolee,2015) Most common medications that were prescribed When the data was entered about the most commonly prescribed medications a picture was provided about the common drugs being prescribed to the patients of Prince Edward Island patients. These medications were most commonly prescribed to patients from Prince Edward Island:- NOVO-Hydrazide Metadol Lipitor Celebrex RATIO-Salbutamol-HFA RATIO-Omeprazole Synthriod Plavix Crestor APO-Ramipril Through this list we can denote that the majority of patients are suffering from asthma and cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacist Outcomes The Drug Information System is being used by a number of pharmacists who are viewing profiles of patients. But even the compliance of pharmacists can be tracked through this system by viewing the Drug Utilization Reviews. (Whittaker, Hodge, E Mares, Rodney,2015) System outcomes The frequency of the use of the Drug Information System is determined by the number of patients profiles views by the pharmacies.( Nutley, Reynolds,2013) Physicians, Health Care Provider Survey and Pharmacist The survey covered areas such as service use, satisfaction, service quality and information. Respondents were asked whether they were satisfied with the system. System Quality was another area that was asked about (McGinn, Gagnon, Shaw, Sicotte, Mathieu, Leduc, Grenier, Duplantie, Abdeljelil, Lgar, 2012) Service quality of the system whether it is unacceptable, acceptable or neither unacceptable nor acceptable. Results of the survey showed that respect to satisfaction has been made in quality of care, the relevance of information, focus of the work and the speed of the information. The progress was slow due to the lack of physicians and lack of coordination in training and information. (Ahanhanzo, Ouedraogo, Kpozhouen, Coppieters, Makoutod, Dramaix ,2015),( Aminpour, Sadoughi, Ahamdi,2014) (Choi, 2012) Pan Canadian Indicators The areas such as provider efficiency, actual use, system functionality, intention and system functionality are the Pan Canadian Indicators. The Drug Information system is a fit for these indicators. Disadvantages There are many disadvantages of Drug Information systems like the Prince Edward Island Drug information system:- Lack of job security and Unemployment:- these system do save a lot of time and efforts after their implementation. Time required doing a lot of paperwork and labor mechanic work is saved. Financial transactions are done automatically. These tasks that were previously done by humans are done in a fraction of time by these systems. This technology usage causes humans to lose their jobs and gives rise to large scale unemployment. (Kayser, Kushniruk, Osborne, Norgaard, Turner,2015) Security issues:- another threat that arises from information systems like these are hackers and thieves getting the data that are saved on these databases. The data includes medical history and personal data of numerous people. The hackers can use this sensitive information against the patients. (Jawhari, Ludwick, Keenan, Zakus, Hayward,2016) Implementation costs:- the cost that is attached to implementing systems like these is huge. Recommendations In order to ensure that long term goals for the Data Information system are met continuity planning, reviewing of procedures and comprising change management is essential. In order to ensure the sound functioning of the Data Information system we need to establish strict security standards as recommended by the Attorney general. For better knowledge transfer and better understanding new communication should be established for Data Information system end users which will enable better understanding of the Data Information system updates and features Regular communications and on-site visits are required to focus on end user support and training. This would help in alleviating concerns that were pointed out in online survey with collaboration with the software vendors. Checking of the project documentation and Data Information system management structure to create a protocol for updates. With respect to the Drug utilization reviews or DURs system stability and response time should always be prioritized for providing efficient service. Conclusion The Drug Information system is achieving the Canadian health Infoway targets by good uptake. This has been demonstrated by the data that was made available for the patient outcomes, performance monitoring, quality and safety activities. This evaluation report shows that there are definitive impacts and trends of the system. Health care providers have reported a low satisfaction with Drug information system for now but they do believe that this system is improving (Dixon, Pina, Kharrazi, Gharghabi, Richards ,2015)It is visible that these improvements will increase over time and the system will become better with time. An ongoing impediment for the system is the limited participation of the physicians which is prohibiting in realizing the full use of the system. The level of satisfaction can be increased by role clarity, information sharing and increased communication. Satisfaction among the providers can also be increased by confirming the long term visions that were set for the Drug Information System. References Kushniruk, J. Kaipio, M. Nieminen, H. Hyppnen, T. Lveri, C. Nohr, A. M. Kanstrup, M. Berg Christiansen, M.-H. Kuo, E. Borycki (2014). Human Factors in the Large: Experiences from Denmark, Finland and Canada in Moving Towards Regional and National Evaluations of Health Information System Usability: Contribution of the IMIA Human Factors Working Group. Yearb Med Inform. , 6781. Badeia Jawhari, Dave Ludwick, Louanne Keenan, David Zakus, Robert Hayward (2016). Benefits and challenges of EMR implementations in low resource settings: a state-of-the-art review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak , 116. Brian E. Dixon, Jamie Pina, Hadi Kharrazi, Fardad Gharghabi, Janise Richards (2015). Whats Past is Prologue: A Scoping Review of Recent Public Health and Global Health Informatics Literature. Online J Public Health Inform , 83-89. Carrie Anna McGinn, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Nicola Shaw, Claude Sicotte, Luc Mathieu, Yvan Leduc, Sonya Grenier, Julie Duplantie, Anis Ben Abdeljelil, France Lgar (2012). Users perspectives of key factors to implementing electronic health records in Canada: a Delphi study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak , 105. Choi, Bernard C. K. (2012). The Past, Present, and Future of Public Health Surveillance. Scientifica , 78-82. Claire Lafortune, Kelsey Huson, Selena Santi, Paul Stolee (2015). Community-based primary health care for older adults: a qualitative study of the perceptions of clients, caregivers and health care providers. BMC Geriatr , 57. E.M Borycki, A.W Kushniruk (2010). Towards an Integrative Cognitive-Socio-Technical Approach in Health Informatics: Analyzing Technology-Induced Error Involving Health Information Systems to Improve Patient Safety. Open Med Inform J. , 181187. Eindra Aung, Maxine Whittaker (2013). Preparing routine health information systems for immediate health responses to disasters. Health Policy Plan , 495507. Elizabeth Borycki, Andre Kushniruk, Christopher Carvalho (2013). A Methodology for Validating Safety Heuristics Using Clinical Simulations: Identifying and Preventing Possible Technology-Induced Errors Related to Using Health Information Systems. Comput Math Methods Med. , 46-58. Farzaneh Aminpour, Farahnaz Sadoughi, Maryam Ahamdi (2014). Utilization of open source electronic health record around the world: A systematic review. J Res Med Sci , 5764. Francis Lau, Craig Kuziemsky, Morgan Price, Jesse Gardner (2010). A review on systematic reviews of health information system studies. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 637645. Francis Lau, Morgan Price, Jeanette Boyd, Colin Partridge, Heidi Bell, Rebecca Raworth (2012). Impact of electronic medical record on physician practice in office settings: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. , 51-56. Janet Smylie, Michelle Firestone (2015). Back to the basics: Identifying and addressing underlying challenges in achieving high quality and relevant health statistics for indigenous populations in Canada. Stat J IAOS , 6787. Jesdeep Bassi, Francis Lau (2013). Measuring value for money: a scoping review on economic evaluation of health information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 792801. Kate Zinszer, Robyn Tamblyn, David W Bates, David L Buckeridge (2013). A qualitative study of health information technology in the Canadian public health system. BMC Public Health , 509. Lars Kayser, Andre Kushniruk, Richard H Osborne, Ole Norgaard, Paul Turner (2015). Enhancing the Effectiveness of Consumer-Focused Health Information Technology Systems Through eHealth Literacy: A Framework for Understanding Users' Needs. JMIR Hum Factors , 34-39. Maxine Whittaker, Nicola Hodge, Renata E Mares, Anna Rodney (2015). Preparing for the data revolution: identifying minimum health information competencies among the health workforce. Hum Resour Health , 17. Phil Gooch, Abdul Roudsari (2011). Computerization of workflows, guidelines, and care pathways: a review of implementation challenges for process-oriented health information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 738748. Tara Nutley, Heidi W. Reynolds (2013). Improving the use of health data for health system strengthening. Glob Health Action , 78-89. Yolaine Gll Ahanhanzo, Laurent T Ouedraogo, Alphonse Kpozhouen, Yves Coppieters, Michel Makoutod, Michle Wilmet-Dramaix (2015). Factors associated with data quality in the routine health information system of Benin. Arch Public Health , 25.

Objective Summary Essays - Soups, Chicken Soup,

Objective Summary: The story is about a child's expectance of a family life filled with love and comforts, which is contrast with his real working class family life. Subjective Evaluation: Soto, back to his age of nine, dreamed to live in a family life that was uncomplicated in its routine. In reality, Soto lived in a working class family; he tried to change his family to imitate the perfect families he absorbed from television. I think many people have done what Soto did to fulfill the dream of a perfect family they wanted. I am not excluded from this either. I have an experience of attempting to change my family life. It was one year later after my family first came to the US in 1995. I learned many new things in this country that I never knew in China, and I appreciated some living styles in American culture. As I tended to like the styles of American life, I expected my family like them, too. The thing I wanted my family to change was the cooking style. I hated to cook Chinese dinner because it took so long to prepare. There are four kinds of food which are considered essential parts of Chinese dinner: rice, soup, vegetable, and meat; they are usually cooked separately. I was not the one who was good at cooking in my family, but I did have to cook when I came home earlier than my parents and two sisters still at work. One day, when we were sitting together at the dinning table for dinner, I suggested to my family that we could have sandwiches and precooked food from the supermarket as our dinner since many American families do. My parents looked at me in bewilderment. Son, you must be kidding, right? Those sandwiches and precooked food do not give you enough nutrition for growing up, my dad said. And precooked food is not good for your health, my mother kept on. My elder sisters showed no interest in my idea. I grew frustrated from their reaction, but I did not give up. Evening after evening, I kept bringing up the idea at the dinning table. My mother finally permitted me to make one American dinner for the family. That day, I went to the supermarket to buy bread, ham, and chicken soup right after school. I planned on making ham sandwiches and chicken soup for the dinner. The dinner was ready and served at our usual dinnertime. My mother tasted a spoon of the chicken soup and said, It tastes like brine, nothing but salty. Why don't they put some shark fins in it? She refused to have another spoon. My sisters only had a small bite of their sandwiches and then put them down; my father barely finished one. Even I could not have another one after finishing two. That night, my parents and sisters had instant noodle for dinner. Such a result was out of my expectation, but I had to accept it. From then on, the subject of changing cooking style is never brought up to the family conversation. I think Soto had the same feeling as I did when he found out that there was no way to change his family to be the perfect family he expected. When he realized that, he went out to look for work; being different from him, I tried to bring up another subject to the family conversation.